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| Author | Topic: Universal newborn screening |
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Patricia Member |
To all audiologists out there doing universal screening, let's compare notes. In California, our screening level is 30 dB, which I am hitting using OAE. However, as expected, we have a few babies who don't pass the OAE screen. If they don't pass, I put them in the booth and look for arousal from sleep, startles, etc, from our old Northern & Downs data. ABR testing is sometimes successful if I can keep baby asleep and still. I currently have a baby who has failed OAE screenings 3 times (tympanograms are always normal), yet seems to respond to NBN in SF at about 90 dB. My fear is that he has a 40-50 dB loss, so I keep testing him, trying to pin something down. Does anyone have experience with absent OAE's with normal middle ear integrity in an otherwise hearing baby? I tested a 4 year old the other day, normal hearing, normal tympanograms, and no OAE, which causes me to wonder whether it's a possibility that some kids with normal hearing just don't have OAE's. I wish I worked in a big hospital with other audiologists, but I'm in a private office by myself, and it's lonely out here..... Any thoughts? IP: Logged |
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dblmfl Member |
hi, I'm not an audiologist so correct me if I'm wrong. I seem to remember an article on a neural thing where a kid can fail an OAE and pass the ABR (or vice versa?) Could that be what is going on? IP: Logged |
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MaryS Member |
HI! There is something called auditory neuropathy...this is when the ABR is abnormal and OAE's are present or were once present. Some kids have absent ABR's but do hear. My son has auditory neuorpathy(AN)...recently his OAE's have disappeared but he is still considered to have AN. Also, kids with AN have not middle ear muscle reflexes. I do not know if this is what you are talking about, but thought it might help. AN is not well known. I am a teacher of the deaf with 10 years experience and had not heard of it. My son failed his initial ABR screen before his release from the hospital. He was 8 weeks premature. He had a second ABR and OAE test. The ABR was the same, but OAE's were present. We are going to go and see a specialist in New Orleans in about 3 weeks. I am curious to see what he thinks. NOT much is known about AN, so I am trying to get the info out when I can. IP: Logged |
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shelleyann222 Member |
My initial question regarding your situation is: 1) how old is the baby that you are testing? and 2) what type of tympanometry are you using? For tympanometry to be reliable in a newborn, high frequency tympanometry needs to be utilized. Otherwise, you may be measuring the flaccidity of the earcanal and not true tympanic membrane mobility. Therefore, the absent OAE's may be a result of either middle ear pathology and/or cochlear involvement. Secondly, if you have true normal TM mobility and absent OAE's, then you may be dealing with an actual hearing loss. I would strongly recommended a sedated ABR for this child (to include tone bursts for frequency specific info), in order to rule out any form of hearing loss at this time (whether it be middle ear or cochlear). Good luck, and please keep posted regarding outcomes. ------------------ IP: Logged |
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Patricia Member |
Hi Michelle, Thanks for your input. Here's the thing: the baby has been solved. We got click ABR thresholds on him, and indeed, he's probably got about a flat 50 dB sensorineural hearing loss. Tympanograms with a 220 Hz probe tone have been coming up typically notched in newborns, but mobile, and in this baby, with the absent OAE, I just kept bringing him back for testing. Always, he would seem to respond to narrow band noise signals at 90 dB or so, and as he became a few months older, his NBN responses improved to 60-70 dB, however, his speech awareness thresholds started around 50 dB and never got any better. This causes me to wonder about our old Northern & Downs norms for catching neonates with moderate losses. In a neonate, 90 dB for warble tones, a 60 dB white noise startle, and speech awareness of 50 dB would be a pass, but it seems that a neonate with a 40-50 dB SN loss is also going to pass at those levels (at least this baby did). He is now 6 months old and responds to warble tones at 60 dB (norms 50 dB) and speech at 50 dB (norms 20 dB). The thing that made me keep bringing him back was the absent OAE's, and of course, I'm glad I did, or I would have missed him. Which brings up another good question: ABR testing is a problem for me, in that I am in an audiology private practice with no medical help on the premises, and I am very reluctant to sedate a baby without a doctor around. I have talked to other audiologists, and this seems to be the consensus, that no one wants to take on the liability of sedation without medical backup. Some audiologists have casual arrangements with physicians to do very occasional ABR testing in the doc's office, but no one around here does many babies, so I'm trying to come up with something workable for the number of babies I'm seeing. What I'm wondering is this: is there a CPT code that a physician can use for sedation of a child in the office? That could work out well, if the baby could show up at the doc's office, be put to sleep by the nurse, we do the test (our Cadwell system is quite portable) and the doctor is somehow compensated for use of office, staff, and liability. And back to the other kid I was talking about, he's 4 years, easily testable, normal tympanograms, normal hearing and absent OAE's. So far, all I have is an OAE screener, so in fairness, I would probably have done better with a full clinical unit with TOAE and DPOAE, but I still wonder about the possibility of absent OAE's in otherwise normal hearing, normal middle ear kids. We'll see. And here's a good story. The same week I decided above mentioned baby has a moderate sensorineural loss (as first picked up in the newborn nursery), I saw a 5 year old girl. This child has a dead ear on one side and a flat 45 dB SN loss on the other side, and has been passed over as having "a little fluid in her ears" by the residents at the county hospital clinics every time Mom mentioned that she didn't think her kid could hear well. As a result, no hearing test was ever done until the she showed up at kindergarten, severely language delayed, and the school speech path picked it up. So, universal newborn screening is working, and I sincerely hope that five years from today we will have no such thing as hearing impaired 5 year olds being diagnosed at kindergarten age. Onward. IP: Logged |
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